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But why is a ballot with multiple filled bubbles void? To start, the system used by the U. In this nearly ubiquitous winner-take-all electoral system, each person gets one vote, and the candidate with the most votes wins. Critics of plurality cite various negative mathematical and historical consequences of elections carried out in this fashion and generally hold up instant-runoff voting , a. But is instant-runoff really better than plurality?
Well, yes. But is instant-runoff really the best alternative to plurality? By most metrics, not really no. Despite the fact that instant-runoff receives by far the most attention and discussion of all alternative electoral systems, there are numerous systems that are far better suited to choose our elected officials than either plurality or instant-runoff.
To aid in comparisons, let us distance ourselves from real politics and consider a vote for the new state capital of Texas. In this scenario, geographical location is an analogue for political alignment. That is, voters, distributed according to the real population distribution of Texas, will vote for the cities that are physically closest to them.
Figure 0. The map of Texas that will serve as the basis of this discussion. Houston has the most votes, so it wins! But wait. Is Houston really the best choice here? This is the spoiler effect: when two similar candidates run separately in a plurality election, split the vote, and lose where either of them could have won. In the U. That means that similar candidates organize into parties, which then each choose a single nominee to run on behalf of all of them.
