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A more detailed article on this topic is in preparation. Old age no longer comes with the poverty risks that it used to a few decades ago and with the overall decrease in old-age poverty, concerns about economic inequalities and poverty have shifted to younger age groups Fritzell and Ritakallio Yet, among those in old age, vast differences remain. In particular, older women are exposed to greater poverty risks than men Ebbinghaus, Nelson, and Nieuwenhuis, Here, we focus on how this gender gap in old-age poverty has developed in recent decades across a number of OECD countries, a subject so far largely overlooked in the literature.
We propose an analytical approach that highlights several distinct patterns that may drive changes in the gender gap in old-age poverty. Exploring trends in the gender gap in old-age poverty confronts us with methodological challenges. As commonly used indicators of income poverty are based on household income, these measures assume that all income is shared equally among household members and do not differentiate between the poverty status of different members within the same household.
As such, the gender gap in poverty based on such measures will be largely — although not exclusively — shaped by the different poverty risks of single men and single women. Longitudinal studies on old-age poverty usually do not take this aspect into consideration but its importance will be highlighted here. A second challenge in examining the gender gap in poverty over longer periods of time across multiple countries is that such analyses require high-quality data of sufficient sample size that is comparable across countries, as well as available for a longer period of time.
The following analyses focus on trends in poverty risks of single men and women in their early retirement age After presenting general trends in the gender gap in old-age poverty in 16 countries, we focus on four Canada, Finland, Norway, and the United States that are indicative of distinct patterns in the data.
